Oral Presentation Australasian RNA Biology and Biotechnology Association 2025 Conference

RNA at the Immune interface (130419)

Cecile King 1
  1. The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia

The main role of the immune system is to protect the host against infection. Cytosolic retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA helicases that detect RNA viruses once they have infected our cells. RLRs exhibit increased expression in response to virus infection. However, we have observed that long after immune stimulation, RLRs are sequestered into biomolecular condensates in the cytosol of immune cells. Biomolecular condensates that form under cellular stress contain nucleic acid, mostly RNA, and proteins that are generated by liquid-liquid phase transition in the cytosol and nucleus. However, the functions of condensates in the context of the immune response remain largely unknown. We have observed that RIG-I-containing condensates form during inflammation independently of RIG-I receptor activation and that RIG-I is critical for the formation of stress granules following immune stimulation. Our studies provide evidence that RIG-I binds endogenous RNA transcripts rich in retrotransposon sequences and sequesters other RNA binding immune response proteins into dynamic biomolecular condensates during the immune response.